Spiritual Perspectives


 

THE BIBLE’S BURIED SECRETS (A REVIEW)

Gary W. Summers

          This two-hour television special on PBS did have a noble theme to it—that the Bible established our modern code of justice and morality.  However, the way the producers of the program arrive at that conclusion is a bit bizarre, and it tears the Bible to shreds in the process; so Christians can scarcely feel very triumphant with their handling of the sacred text.

 

     The one positive in the program is that they report archaeologists’ findings of evidence that corroborates certain portions of the Scripture.  What they highlight at the very beginning is the Merneptah stele (dated 1208 B.C.), which was discovered at Thebes.  It commemorates Egyptian victories at Ashkelon, Gezer, Yanoam, and Israel.  It says very little of God’s nation, except that “Israel is wasted, bare of seed” (according to the on-line Wikipedia).  Although this stele does not fit any particular battle mentioned in the Scriptures (perhaps the king was just bragging?), at least it mentions Israel.   

 

     Other archaeological discoveries include the cities of Raamses and Pithom, which the Bible says that the Israelites built (Ex. 1:11).  More evidence surfaces with regard to David.  As recently as 1993 an ancient inscription was found upon another victory stele, which said, “I killed the king of the house of David.” 

 

     The program goes on to say that they have found a stunning convergence that occurred five years after the death of Solomon (930 B.C.).  The archaeologists have found evidence that Shishak, king of Egypt, did come up against Rehoboam, as the Bible says in 1 Kings 14:25-26, five years after Solomon’s death (925 B.C.).  He looted the temple and took away the gold shields.  The show proclaims this as proof that the great kingdom of Israel did exist in the tenth century B.C.  The question one should ask is, “Why is it that, when the Bible is verified, scholars are so surprised?”   The answer is that those men, with all of their experience and degrees, do not believe that the Bible is true.

J-E-D-P

 

     The “scholars” are always astonished when anything from the Scriptures is verified.  Those associated with The Bible’s Buried Secrets do not believe that the Bible is the inspired Word of God (2 Tim. 3:16-17).  What they present throughout the two hours of air time is theory—to be more precise, the J-E-D-P theory that rose to prominence in the eighteenth century and was thoroughly refuted by genuine scholars, such as J. W. McGarvey, in the late nineteenth century.  They affirm that most of today’s “scholars” accept this Edward Scissorhands’ approach to the Scriptures.

 

     The first assumption is that Moses did not write the first five books attributed to him (and accepted by all for more than 3,000 years).  But then some genius noticed that the last chapter of Deuteronomy describes Moses’ death and concluded that he could not have written it.  Suppose, then, that Joshua or someone else added the conclusion later, which is nowhere stated to have occurred.  Would that prove that Moses did not write the rest of the events recorded in those books?

 

     But no one even needs to go there because it has never been demonstrated that Moses did not write Deuteronomy 34!  The New Testament teaches that “holy men of God spoke as they were moved by the Holy Spirit” (2 Peter 1:21).  Is it too difficult for the One Who declares the end from the beginning (Isa. 46:10) to declare in advance the events of Moses’ death?  If God could not do such a simple thing, how could He write prophesies hundreds of years in advance?

 

     The J-E-D-P theory believes that at least four different writers wrote the Pentateuch over a period of several hundred years, with the finishing touches being put on it at the time of the captivity or within a hundred years following it.  Each theoretical writer had something to contribute to the overall text.

 

     One of these writers used the word Jehovah (J) (YHWH), meaning the One who is self-existing; one used the word Elohim for the name of God (E); another added the sections of law (D for Deuteronomy); and the final contributor put in the part about the priests and their functions (P).  One wonders why there is no section M for what Moses wrote; apparently, he did not write any portion of his first five books!  And if he did, he could not, it seems, have used Jehovah or Elohim, which invites one to imagine how, exactly, God answered Moses’ question in Exodus 3:13-15.

 

     This carving up of the words of Moses lacks evidence and is only a theory—one with serious implication.  First of all, Moses is said to have authored Genesis through Deuteronomy (also called the law) by other writers of the Old Testament, beginning with Joshua (see 23:6 and 24:5 as just two examples).  The writer of the book of Judges, written nearly 400 years after Joshua, said that God left the Philistines and a few others in the land in order to determine whether the Israelites “would obey the commandments of the Lord, which he had commanded their fathers by the hand of Moses” (Judges 3:4).  They failed the test; God had specifically commanded them not to intermarry with the people of the land (Deuteronomy 7:1-5), but they did (Judges 3:5-7).  Whoops!  Deuteronomy was supposed to have been written, according to the “scholars,” by D, not Moses.

 

     1 and 2 Kings were probably written after the fall of Jerusalem in 586 B.C.—nearly 1,000 years after the time of Moses.  Yet it records David saying the following to his son Solomon:

 

And keep the charge of the Lord your God: to walk in His ways, to keep His statutes, His commandments, His judgments, and His testimonies, as it is written in the Law of Moses, that thou may prosper in all that you do, and wherever you turn (1 Kings 2:3).

 

     David may be referring to Deuteronomy 29:9.  In 1 Kings 8:9 Solomon mentions Moses putting the two tablets of stone containing the Ten Commandments into the ark of the covenant, an action recorded in Deuteronomy 10:5.  Solomon also reminds Israel at the time of the dedication of the temple that, when Israel left Egypt, Moses told the nation that they were to be separate from other nations (1 Kings 8:53), which refers to Exodus 19:5-6.  Solomon also said that God had fulfilled the prophecy of Moses that He would give them rest after they had conquered the land (1 Kings 5:56).  That promise, made in Deuteronomy 12:10, was realized fully in the time of Solomon.

 

     2 Kings 14:6 recalls what is “written in the Book of the Law of Moses” and quotes Deuteronomy 24:16.  Hezekiah destroyed the bronze serpent which had become an object of idolatry.  Moses had made it at God’s direction as the cure for the people being bitten by poisonous serpents; this event is recorded in Numbers 21:8-9.

 

     Further examples are too numerous to mention, but a few stand out as further corroboration that the writers of the Old Testament attributed the first five books of the Law to Moses.  1 Chronicles 15:15 reminds everyone of the appropriate manner of carrying the ark of the covenant, as Moses first described in Exodus 25:14.  Moses’ parents and siblings are listed in 1 Chronicles 6:3, as are his sons (1 Chron. 23:15).  The ordination of Aaron as priest is also cited (1 Chron. 23:14).  

 

     In 2 Chronicles many more references to Moses are presented, including the sacrifices for the Sabbaths, the new moons, and the three annual feasts, described in Exodus 23 and Numbers 28 (2 Chron. 8:13).  The levy fixed by Moses on the congregation (2 Chron. 24: 6, 9) originally was instituted in Exodus 30:12-16.  Ezra ascribes the work of the priests and the Levites (described in the book of Leviticus) as having been “written in the book of Moses” (6:19).

 

     Ezra was “a scribe skilled in the law of Moses.”  He lived in the fifth century B.C., after the captivity and the return to Jerusalem.  He “had set his heart to study the law of the Lord, to practice it, and to teach His statutes and ordinances in Israel” (7:10).  How interesting that the text does not say that he was skilled in the writings of D—or that he wrote D.  At one point, he stood before the people and read “the book of the law of Moses, which the Lord had given Israel” (Neh. 8:1).  Among the things that Israel discovered was that they had not been living in booths during the feast of the seventh month, as “commanded through Moses” (Neh. 8:15) in Leviticus 23:33-43.  Also attributed to Moses in Nehemiah is the Sabbath day (Ex. 20; Deut. 5) and the fact that no Ammonite or Moabite should ever enter the assembly of God (Neh. 13:1; Deut. 23:3-4).

 

     Several references are made to Moses in the Psalms, and the 90th one was composed by him.  Isai-ah, Jeremiah, Daniel, Micah, and Malachi all refer to Moses.  Isaiah recalls the historical event, the parting of the Red Sea (63:12), which is first depicted in Exodus 14 and commemorated in song in the next chapter.  Daniel says that Israel is being punished in captivity because of the curse Moses recorded (Lev. 26; Deut. 28)—the one that foretold captivity for persistent disobedience (Dan. 9:11-13).  The prophet who penned the last book of the Old Testament said: “Remember the law of Moses My servant, even the statutes and ordinances which I commanded him in Horeb for all Israel” (Mal. 4:4).

 

    Space has been spent intentionally with these various references to show that no writer of the Old Testament ever suspected that Moses did not write what they all attribute to him.  Of course, what did they know without scholars from the 18th century A.D. to help them?  The Old Testament is consistent throughout—that Moses wrote the Pentateuch.  There is not so much as even a hint that someone else wrote any part of the law.  This is the point to remember:  Most modern “scholars” do not believe any Old Testament writer who ascribes the law to Moses.

The New Testament

 

     The second point is that the writers of the New Testament also ascribed these books to Moses.  Jesus tells a cleansed leper to show himself to the priest “and offer the gift that Moses commanded…” (Matt. 8:4), which is recorded in Leviticus 14:1-32.  When some of the Sadducees came to Jesus and asked about Deuteronomy 25:5, (a man marrying his brother’s wife), Je-sus did not scold them and say, “Don’t you know that Moses did not write that but D did?” (Matt. 22:23-33).  He told them instead that they did not know the Scriptures.  He referred to Deuteronomy again in John 5:45-47. He said that if they had really believed Moses, they would believe Him because Moses wrote about Him.  Specifically, Moses prophesied about the prophet to come in Deuteronomy 18:15, 18-19. 

 

     In John 3:14, Jesus declared: ”And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up,” referring to Numbers 21:8-9.  Jesus refers to Moses and the manna from heaven (Ex. 16:15) in John 6:32.  On one occasion the scribes and the Pharisees brought a woman to Jesus who was taken in the very act of adultery.  They said that Moses in the law said to stone her.  They were actually right, for once.  Both Leviticus 20:10 and Deuteronomy 22:22 so say.  Jesus did not respond, “Oh, those were not written by Moses; they were written by P and D.”

 

     The point of these few examples is simply this:  The Savior of the world, the One who is King of kings and Lord of lords, the One who was in the beginning with God and is God, attributes Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy to Moses.  Any “scholars” who would then say that others wrote those books are contradicting the Lord of heaven and earth—and are not to be trusted in their handling of the Bible.  The documentary hypothesis (the J-E-D-P theory) is not valid.

 

     The other New Testament writers also believed that Moses wrote these books.  The book of Acts mentions the name of Moses 19 times.  Sometimes he is mentioned in connection with a historical event; sometimes his prophecy of Jesus is mentioned (3:22-23).  When the apostles met in Jerusalem to discuss the demands of the Judaizing teachers, James spoke these words: “For Moses has had throughout many generations those who preach him in every city, being read in the synagogues every Sabbath” (Acts 3:21).

 

     Imagine: all those generations were really hearing the words of J, E, D, and P and were too ignorant to realize.  We wouldn’t know it, either, unless the “scholars” had revealed it to us.  Paul cited Moses in Romans, 1-2 Corinthians, and 2 Timothy.  The writer of Hebrews invokes his name no less than 11 times.  He is also alluded to in Jude and the book of Revelation.  Not a single New Testament writer fails to mention him.  Although Peter does not use his name in his two letters, he does quote from him in his sermon in Acts 3.  Who did Jesus meet with on the Mount of Transfiguration—Moses or D (Matt. 17:1-5)?

 

     What about Genesis?  Most of the quotations from Moses come from the other four books because they actually comprise the statements used as the basis for law.  In fact, Paul affirms that the promise made to Abra-ham was not altered by the law that came 430 years later (Gal. 3:15-18).  Genesis provides mostly history and information rather than law.

 

     Still, Genesis is included in the designation of the law on occasion.  Many commentators think that, when Paul reminds women of their role of submission to men in 1 Corinthians 14:34 saying, “as the law also says,” he is referring to Genesis 3:16: “…and your desire shall be to your husband, and he shall rule over you.”  1 Corinthians 14:35 seems to confirm the notion, since it tells the women that, “if they want to learn something, let them ask their husbands at home….” 

 

     Another reference involves Jesus’ meeting with His disciples after His resurrection.  He said to them:

 

“These are the words which I spoke to you while I was with you, that all things must be fulfilled which were written in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms, concerning Me.” And He opened their understanding, that they might comprehend the Scriptures (Luke 24:44-45). 

 

     First, Jesus is using the three divisions that the Jews had of the entire Old Testament.  The Law consisted of the first five books of Moses.  Second, what a privilege to have heard all those things expounded!  Jesus might have begun with the first “seed promise” in Genesis 3:15 and explained how, through the resurrection, He had triumphed over Satan, bruising his head.  Then He might have explained how He was the fulfillment of the promise made to Abraham—that in him and in his seed all the nations (families) of the earth would be blessed (Gen. 12:1-3, 22:18), which was the second “seed promise.”  He might also have explained how that He is Shiloh (Gen. 49:10), the one who now rules, according to the third “seed promise” which God later made to David (2 Sam. 7:12-16).

 

Conclusion

 

     Moses, not a committee or a bunch of editors, wrote the first five books of the Old Testament.  Both the Old and New Testaments agree with this fact.  From the time it was written and three thousand years afterward, everyone knew that such was the case.  Now, because of the theories of latter-day “scholars,” Bible believers are supposed to believe that it happened entirely different?

 

     The problem is that, in order to accept this theory, a person must cast aside the entire Bible, disbelieving everything that it says.  Even Jesus cannot be trusted because many of His teachings cited what was written by Moses.  To accept the theories of men, one must, in effect, denounce the integrity of the Scriptures—they cannot be inspired of the Holy Spirit (2 Peter 1:20-21); they were simply pieced together by different writers and editors and thus are fallible and useless. 

 

For this reason, such “scholars” are often referred to as “destructive critics.”  Their theories and conclusions destroy the Biblical text, but God’s Word is more than capable of surviving attacks such as these.

 

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