Spiritual Perspectives


 

FAITH AND NIETZSCHE

Gary W. Summers

 

 

     Friedrich Nietzsche was a German philosopher who lived from 1844-1900.  His life was shorter than Mark Twain’s (1835-1910), and his works were not nearly so humorous.  Several of Nietzsche’s writings are studied by philosophy students, an action which could be construed as cruel and unusual punishment.  The following definition is his: “Faith means not wanting to know what is true.”

 

     An appropriate response would be the words of the Savior: “Ye do err, not knowing the scriptures, nor the power of God” (Matt. 22:29, KJV).  For someone who took issue with Biblical principles of morality (and everything else in the Holy Book), Nietzsche obviously did not understand the Bible well enough to define faith. 

 

     Many people today would likely agree with his severely flawed definition. They set faith in opposition to knowledge and act as if faith bypasses the brain.  The problem is that these are assumptions on their part, which they can never prove. 

 

     Are Nietzsche (and possibly others) guilty of the charge they level at Christians?  What they have chosen to believe (have faith in—whatever it is) involves a rejection of the truth, which is found in the words of Jesus and the apostles (John 8:31-32; 14:6; 17:17).

 

     Jesus never asked anyone to believe in Him without evidence.  After all, He made some rather stupefying claims—to be the Son of God (Mark 14:61-62), to be the light of the world (John 8:12), the giver of abundant life (John 10:10), the way, the truth, and the life (John 14:6), the resurrection and the life (John 11:25), and the judge of all mankind (John 5:22, 27).  Every rational soul should have dismissed Him as a lunatic.  What stopped them?  In a word—evidence!  Jesus never said, “Now I know all of these things sound a bit crazy, but just believe them anyway.”  What evidence did He offer?  He gave them miracles, signs, and wonders.

The Proof

 

     From the very beginning of His public ministry, the people knew what power Jesus possessed.  Consider these descriptions:

 

Now Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all kinds of sickness and all kinds of diseases among the people (Matt. 5:23).

 

Wherever He entered, into villages, cities, or the country, they laid the sick in the marketplaces, and begged Him that they might just touch the border of His garment. And as many as touched Him were made well (Mark 6:56).

 

     To be sure, the rulers of the Jews rejected the evidence, but they never claimed there was NO proof being offered, as the presumptuous Nietzsche did.  Jesus never rebuked anyone for requiring evidence—only rejecting it.  Even one of the twelve, Thomas, said, “Unless I see in His hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into the print of the nails, and put my hand into His side, I will not believe!” (John 20:25).  Now Thomas should have believed the testimony of reliable witnesses, but Jesus appeared to him anyway and invited him to examine the evidence in His body.  To his credit, he did believe then, confessing, “My Lord and my God!” (v. 28). 

 

    Thomas certainly did not typify the person Nietzsche described.  Instead of not wanting to know the truth and believing in ignorance, it appears more likely that he did not want to believe the truth that he already should have known, since Jesus had foretold His resurrection and others had affirmed that they had seen Him alive from the dead.  The philosopher was wrong; Christians go where the evidence leads.

The Task of the Apostles

 

     People believed in Jesus, then, not only because of His words (which no earthly philosopher has ever matched), but because of His deeds, also.  Then imagine the apostles preaching as Lord a man who had been crucified outside of Jerusalem just seven weeks earlier!  Generally speaking, people do not attempt to praise someone put to death as a common criminal. 

 

     So how does one go about gaining adherents to a new religion when the founder has been crucified?  The Holy Spirit came upon the apostles in a dramatic fashion, causing them to speak in the languages of those Jews in Jerusalem, who were gathered together from various nations (Acts 2:1-12).  Peter explained that what they had witnessed was the fulfillment of prophecy given by Joel (2:16-21).  Then the apostle spoke what could not be denied:

 

“Men of Israel, hear these words: Jesus of Nazareth, a Man attested by God to you by miracles, wonders, and signs which God did through Him in your midst, as you also yourselves know” (Acts 2:22).

 

     The plain fact was that Jesus had been crucified despite all the good things He had done.  Peter would later tell the household of Cornelius that “God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power” and that He “went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with Him” (Acts 10:38).  Peter appealed to the wonders Jesus had performed, as well as to the fulfillment of the Scriptures regarding His resurrection.  When the people thought about the character and deeds of Jesus, the prophecies written in their own Scriptures hundreds of years earlier, and the eyewitness testimony of the apostles, about 3,000 believed on that day, with more committing themselves shortly thereafter (Acts 2:41).

 

     Still, how could people all over the world be convinced of these things, so that the kingdom that was established on the Day of Pentecost would grow?  The answer is that the apostles were entrusted with the same powers that Jesus possessed.  Jesus had promised: “But you shall receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you…” (Acts 1:8).  The Lord’s Word was fulfilled in a huge way.  What transpired on the Day of Pentecost was just the beginning.  The miracles that attended the apostles captured the attention of people everywhere, as the following passages concerning Peter and Paul demonstrate.

 

And believers were increasingly added to the Lord, multitudes of both men and women, so that they brought the sick out into the streets and laid them on beds and couches, that at least the shadow of Peter passing them by might fall on some of them. Also a multitude gathered from the surrounding cities to Jerusalem, bringing sick people and those who were tormented by unclean spirits, and they were all healed (Acts 5:14-16).

Now God worked unusual miracles by the hands of Paul, so that even handkerchiefs or aprons were brought from his body to the sick, and the diseases left them and the evil spirits went out of them (Acts 19:11-12).

 

     God worked with the apostles (Mark 16:20) so that people would believe their message.  Since God created us with free will, however, it will hardly be surprising that some would reject the evidence.  One instance of such a phenomenon occurred in Acts 4, after Peter and John had healed a man lame from birth.  Their detractors admitted, “What shall we do to these men? For, indeed, that a notable miracle has been done through them is evident to all who dwell in Jerusalem, and we cannot deny it” (v. 16).  At least they were a shade more honest than Nietzsche, who would have denied the evidence and accused them of operating by faith so that they could deny the truth.  We ought to ask ourselves: Who is the one rejecting the truth?

 

     Not only did the apostles themselves operate with miraculous powers, they were able to lay their hands upon Christians and impart various spiritual gifts (1 Cor. 12:4-11).  So impressive was that ability to confer spiritual gifts upon members of the body that Simon the Sorcerer tried to buy that power, for which he was soundly rebuked (Acts 8:18-24).  Churches in the first century exercised these gifts until the Bible was entirely revealed, at which time they ceased (1 Cor. 13:8-13). 

 

     The Bible then was highly regarded by brethren everywhere around the world.  It would take more than a millennium-and-a-half for man to become so bold as to challenge that which had been verified and venerated for centuries.  Faith, however, has always been based upon truth.

 

Editor’s Arguments

 

     The editor of a local monthly paper, called The Flame, cited the quotation from Nietzsche in his brief December, 2006 article.  The quotation is not cited within the article; it just echoes the thrust of the five paragraphs, which is that some people believe what they choose to believe.  The writer is correct with that observation, and he cites two humorous examples.

 

     The first was his editorship of a weekly college newspaper.  He wrote (as a joke) an astrology column, in which he published the same description each week but just rotated the headings.  What was “forecast” under Leo one week would be Virgo’s the next week and Libra the week after that.  One individual told him that his horoscope “was the most accurate she had ever read” (which could well have been true).

 

     Later, as an entertainer, he did a routine in which he played a Gypsy “fortune teller,” named Madame Lunch-meat.”  One audience member was so impressed with his “psychic” ability that she wanted a private reading.  Sigh!  He concludes by saying that no rational person should have taken these things seriously.  True!

     The application of these two incidents is too broad, however.  Below is the fourth paragraph:

 

…the true believers wanted to believe. And there is increasing evidence that for most people, beliefs of all kinds—religious, political and social—have far less to do with rational thought than with a desire to believe….

 

     How true that last statement is of liberals.  Neither evidence nor the consequences of their positions ever seem to affect their views.

 

     But notice that the effectiveness of his comments begins to deteriorate when he said “the true believers wanted to believe.”  Such language immediately put “true believers” in the category of sappy flakes, who could not think their way out of an elementary maze.

 

     In actuality, true believers are those who are so committed that they will sacrifice their lives if such is required rather than renounce the truth—just as Christians in the first three centuries frequently did.  The editor is describing those who believe what they do in the absence of evidence. 

 

     The “star-crossed” lovers of Romeo and Juliet aside, heavenly bodies do not tell us what to do or how to live.  The “Age of Aquarius” has not brought harmony and understanding; sympathy and trust are not abounding.  Men fight with more advanced weapons than ever before, and hatred has gone high tech.  Maybe Jupiter needs to align with something besides Mars.  No proof has ever been offered to validate astrology.

 

     What “fortune teller” has ever been convincing?  Every year some of them make predictions.  Their accuracy rate is somewhere below 10%.  The prophets of God, however, have always been 100% correct.  So, who is irrational, and who lives according to evidence?

 

     The fact that people choose to believe what they wish only demonstrates that God gave everyone free will.  Some do believe simply on the basis that they desire to believe.  But, should all believers be lumped in the same category and unceremoniously discarded?

 

     Daniel found himself in such a position.  King Nebuchadnezzar had a dream that was significant, but he could not remember it.  He called for his astrologers and magicians, demanding that they tell him his dream and its interpretation, which they obviously could not do.  He began killing all his wise men.  Daniel was lumped in that category, even though he was not fraudulent, as were the others.  Daniel said to hold on—that “there is a God in heaven, who reveals secrets...” (Dan. 2:28).  He then, by the power of God, informed the king of the dream and its interpretation.  Likewise, just be-cause Christians believe in the truth based on correct reasoning with ample evidence, we do not deserve to be classified with those who believe in something for which no demonstrable proof has ever been provided.  Is the difference not distinguishable?

     The editor says that “debates can be fun but almost nobody ever changes their basic presuppositions.”  Honest people, who subscribe to the quaint notion that truth exists, do change.  Many did in the first century.  That generation in which Christ was preached found people steeped in idolatry.  So effective was the Word of God in changing the presuppositions that people were born with that in Ephesus people burned all their magic books (Acts 19:19-20).  They gave up their beliefs in Zeus and Hera or Jupiter and Juno because they accepted the truth about Christ and His ability to redeem mankind from sin.

 

     Members of the churches of Christ have conducted significant and successful debates for two centuries.  These would number in the hundreds, if not the thousands.  Tens of thousands have changed as a result of the convincing work done during these events.  Living in the age of Postmodernism does not help, because many no longer care what truth is.  Among those who do, however, debates can still be rewarding.

 

Has Anyone Lived Based on Evidence?

 

     The editor concludes by saying that it would be an interesting experiment “to try to live one’s life based only on evidence rather than belief.  I wonder if anyone has succeeded?” [sic].

 

     Once again, the editor erroneously assumes that evidence and belief are mutually exclusive instead of the latter being based on the former.  Perhaps he might consider Saul of Tarsus.  This devout Jew at first rejected the truth of Christianity.  He had the saints arrested and put in prison.  He compelled them to blaspheme, persecuted them, and voted for them to be put to death (Acts 26:9-11).  He did all these things with a clear conscience (Acts 23:1).

 

     One day he discovered that he was wrong.  A bright light from heaven shone around him, and he fell to his knees.  Jesus spoke to him and asked him why was he persecuting Him.  Saul asked the identity of the one speaking to him.  One can only imagine how thunderstruck Saul was when the answer came to his ears: “I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting!” (Acts 9:3-6). Saul’s heart must have wilted.  No one has ever been more dead wrong than he.  How it must have grieved him to comprehend the enormity of his actions!

 

     He arose, went into Damascus, and was baptized to wash his sins away (Acts 22:16).  He had lived on assumptions up to that point.  Now he would live according to evidence.  The Holy Spirit inspired him to write the majority of the letters in the New Testament.  He prophesied, spoke in tongues, and could impart spiritual gifts to others just as the other apostles.  If anyone knew the truth and lived by the evidence, it was Saul of Tarsus, who became Paul the apostle.  He clearly succeeded in living by evidence.  Shortly before his death, he proclaimed, “I have fought a good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith” (2 Tim. 4:7).  He knew (not suspected) that a crown of life awaited him.  

 

 

*Send comments or questions concerning this article to Gary Summers. Please refer to this article as: "Whatever the article name from above is (12/31/06)."

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